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Project results
Deliverables
Working paper: A theory-driven typology of urban logistics hubs (D4.1)
Conceptualising the variation across European pilots through city logistics, sociotechnical transitions, ecosystem design, and the urban commons
Urban logistics hubs (ULHs) are proliferating in policy discourse and pilot practice, yet research on them remains fragmented. This working paper is an attempt to consolidate the past theoretical accounts on ULHs across five largely separate theoretical traditions.
Research papers
Impact pathways: geo-operations for turning plastic waste into carbon capture
[in International Journal of Operations & Production Management]
Hakanen, Holmström & Immonen (2026)
What if the delivery van picking up your groceries also took your plastic waste to be buried as carbon? Sometimes sustainability breakthroughs can come from unexpected sources. A study by CO4HUB researcher Esko Hakanen and colleagues at Aalto University and VTT opens a new angle on reverse logistics planning: processing collected plastic and organic waste together can produce a charcoal-like material that stores carbon in the ground. Scaled globally, the researchers calculate that such “refossilization” of plastics could offset current annual fossil fuel emissions within 23 years. For city officials, this points to a concrete policy lever: tax fossil-based plastic inputs and direct those revenues toward waste processing. For businesses, it reframes plastic waste as a resource with real carbon value.